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　　有一種人我最不喜歡和他下棋，那便是太有涵養(yǎng)的人。殺死他一大塊，或是抽了他一個車，他神色自若，不動火，不生氣，好像是無關痛癢，使得你覺得索然寡味。君子無所爭，下棋卻是要爭的。當你給對方一個嚴重威脅的時候，對方的頭上青筋暴露，黃豆般的汗珠一顆顆的在額上陳列出來，或哭喪著臉作慘笑，或咕嘟著嘴作吃屎狀，或抓耳撓腮，或大叫一聲，或長吁短嘆，或自怨自艾口中念念有詞，或一串串的噎膈打個不休，或紅頭漲臉如關公，種種現象，不一而足，這時節(jié)你“行有余力”便可以點起一枝煙，或啜一碗茶，靜靜的欣賞對方的苦悶的象征。我想獵人困逐一只野兔的時候，其愉快大概略相仿佛。因此我悟出一點道理，和人下棋的時候，如果有機會使對方受窘，當然無所不用其極，如果被對方所窘，便努力作出不介意狀，因為既不能積極的給對方以煩惱，只好消極的減少對方的樂趣。

　　　The last man I would like to play chess with is a man with too much self-control. When he sees a huge piece of his position taken by his opponent (as in Go), or *a chariot, lost to his opponent through an erroneous move (as in Chinese chess), he remains calm and unruffled, as if nothing whatever has happened. And that air of his will surely make you feel flat and insipid. A real gentleman seldom contests with others; he will, however, seek to do his opponent down in a game of chess. When you put him on the spot, you can expect to see blue veins standing out on his temples and drops of cold sweat the size of soybean appearing on his forehead. He will either wear a wan smile on his long face, or purse his lips in displeasure, or scratch his head, or let out a sharp cry, or sigh and groan, or bitterly repent his folly, or keep hiccupping unceasingly, or flush crimson with shame, and suchlike. And at such a moment, feeling carefree, you can light a cigarette or just take a sip from your teacup and savor the signs of your opponent's discomfort. The pleasure you have from it, I believe, is by no means less than that a hunter gets from a deadbeat rabbit at his mercy. And from this I have found out something—when engaged in a game of chess, you should resort to every conceivable means to embarrass your opponent, and try hard to remain calm when you yourself fall into difficulty. If you are unable to cause your opponent to suffer, why not try to let him find as little pleasure as possible from your trouble?

　　自古博奕并稱，全是屬于賭的一類，而且只是比“飽食終日無所用心”略勝一籌而已。不過奕雖小術，亦可以觀人，相傳有慢性人，見對方走當頭炮，便左思右想，不知是跳左邊的馬好，還是跳右邊的馬好，想了半個鐘頭而遲遲不決，急得對方拱手認輸。是有這樣的慢性人，每一著都要考慮，而且是加慢的考慮，我常想這種人如加入龜兔競賽，也必定可以獲勝。也有性急的人，下棋如賽跑，劈劈拍拍，草草了事，這仍就是飽食終日無所用心的一貫作風。下棋不能無爭，爭的范圍有大有小，有斤斤計較而因小失大者，有不拘小節(jié)而眼觀全局者，有短兵相接作生死斗者，有各自為戰(zhàn)而旗鼓相當者，有趕盡殺絕一步不讓者，有好勇斗狠同歸于盡者，有一面下棋一面誚罵者，但最不幸的是爭的范圍超出了棋盤，而拳足交加。有下象棋者，久而無聲響，排闥視之闃不見人，原來他們是在門后角里扭做一團，一個人騎在另一個人的身上，在他的口里挖車呢。被挖者不敢出聲，出聲則口張，口張則車被挖回，挖回則必悔棋，悔棋則不得勝，這種認真的態(tài)度憨得可愛。我曾見過二人手談，起先是坐著，神情瀟灑，望之如神仙中人。俄而棋勢吃緊，兩人都站起來了，劍拔弩張，如斗鵪鶉，最后到了生死關頭，兩個人跳到桌上去了！

　　Bo (gaming) and Yi (playing chess) have long been mentioned in the same breath (in Chinese), for they have some features in common--both belong to gambling and are regarded as just slightly better than "being sated with food and idling all day long". Playing chess, indeed, is not a significant skill, yet we can study a man through his moves on the chessboard. It is believed that there once lived a slow-going man, who, after his opponent had moved the cannon to the center, dithered for half an hour about whether to move the left horse or the right one, making his opponent choose to give up rather than wait any longer. Such people do exist: they never make a move unless they have thought it over again and again. It seems to me that they would surely win the tortoise-hare race if they took part in it. On the other hand, there are also impetuous people around us, who are always impatient and make hasty moves in chess playing, just like they are in a race. That is also the consistent way of those who eat all day long without exerting their minds. In a game, no one wants to be beaten; quite to the contrary, everybody wants to win. However, what to contend for and how to scramble is quite different from one person to another--calculating people try to save a little only to lose a lot, sagacious ones give up a little for a lot, intrepid ones fight to the bitter end in hand-to-hand combat, even-stevens each go their own ways, ruthless ones do not budge an inch, and competitive and unyielding ones each seek to beat their opponents only to end in common ruin. There are also people who keep uttering foul and novel terms as they play. What is worst, we can even find people who develop their scrambling in chess into a fierce fight. Once there were two players, whose long silence made some man of curiosity open the door to see what the matter was. In the extreme quietness neither was seen at first, later they were found grappling with each other one over the other behind the door. The one who got the upper hand was trying to dig his chariot out from the other’s mouth, so the latter was unable to make any noise, for he would have to open his mouth if he tried to, and, if he opened his mouth, the chariot would be taken out. And the chariot being taken back, his opponent would certainly make a retraction, which would cause him difficulty in winning the game. Such a serious attitude of the two is charmingly naive. I myself once happened to see two men locked in a game of chess, both seated quietly with a peaceful expression like supernatural beings until the situation became critical, at which point both of them stood up with an aggressive look. And later when the decisive moment came, the two even jumped up onto the table!

　　笠翁《閑情偶寄》說奕棋不如觀棋，因觀者無得失心，觀棋是有趣的事，如看斗牛、斗雞、斗蟋蟀一般，但是觀棋也有難過處，觀棋不語是一種痛苦。喉間硬是癢得出奇，思一吐為快?？匆娨粋€人要入陷阱而不作聲是幾乎不可能的事，如果說得中肯，其中一個人要厭恨你，暗暗的罵一聲“多嘴驢！”另一個人也不感激你，心想“難道我還不曉得這樣走！”如果說得不中肯，兩個人要一齊嗤之以鼻，“無見識奴！”如果根本不說，蹩在心里，受病。所以有人于挨了一個耳光之后還要撫著熱辣辣的嘴巴大呼“要抽車，要抽車！”

　　In his Xian Qing Ou Ji (Notes at Leisure), Li Yu, who styled himself Li Weng, said, “To play chess is not so interesting as to watch others play, for an onlooker has nothing to worry about—gain or loss has nothing to do with him.” Watching others playing chess indeed is quite interesting, just like watching bullfighting, cockfighting or cricket-fighting, yet an onlooker also has his own suffering, say, to keep silence while watching. He will have a terrible itch in his throat—itch to speak out. How can one keep his mouth shut and watch a man fall into a snare? However, your advice is usually unwelcome—if it does make some sense, one player will hate you and curse you inwardly, “What a big mouth”, while the other, whom you intend to help, will not be grateful to you, “You’re telling me! I’m not a fool!” And if there is little or no sense in your advice, both players will give you a snort of contempt, “What a fool!” However, forcing yourself to keep it to yourself, you will feel very much oppressed. No wonder why there was a man who had just got a slap in the face but still cried, “Chariot! The chariot is in danger!”

　　下棋只是為了消遣，其所以能使這樣多人嗜此不疲者，是因為它頗合于人類好斗的本能，這是一種“斗智不斗力”的游戲。所以瓜棚豆架之下，與世無爭的村夫野老不免一枰相對，消此永晝；鬧市茶寮之中，常有有閑階級的人士下棋消遣，“不為無益之事，何以遣此有涯之生？”宦海里翻過身最后退隱東山的大人先生們，髀肉復生，而英雄無用武之地，也只好閑來對奕，了此殘生，下棋全是“剩馀精力”的發(fā)泄。人總是要斗的，總是要鉤心斗角的和人爭逐的。與其和人爭權奪利，還不如在棋盤上多占幾個官，與其招搖撞騙，還不如在棋盤上抽上一車。宋人筆記曾載有一段故事：“李訥仆射，性卞急，酷好奕棋，每下子安詳，極于寬緩，往往躁怒作，家人輩則密以奕具陳于前，訥賭，便忻然改容，以取其子布弄，都忘其恚矣?！薄赌喜啃聲废缕?，有沒有這樣陶冶性情之功，我不敢說，不過有人下起棋來確實是把性命都可置諸度外。我有兩個朋友下棋，警報作，不動聲色，俄而彈落，棋子被震得在盤上跳蕩，屋瓦亂飛，其中一位棋癮較小者變色而起，被對方一把拉住，“你走！那就算是你輸了”。此公深得棋中之趣。

　　Most players of chess play just for diversion. Chess has so many enthusiasts only because it suits man’s bellicosity. It is a contest “of wits, not of strength”. So you may find country folks, who stand aloof from worldly success, seated at the chessboard in the melon shed or under the legume trellis, you may also find members of the leisured class locked in chess, passing the time in teahouses or pubs on busy streets—”If not to do something senseless, how to beguile the long life?” Also, VIPs in retirement from setbacks in their official careers now living in clover, having no other scope to exercise their abilities, cannot but while away their remaining years with chess. Thus we say it is to give vent to one’s “spare energy” to play chess. Men are born bellicose. They have never ceased intriguing against each other. It is far better to occupy more position on the chessboard than to jockey for more power and profit in real life. It is also far better to take a chariot of your opponent’s than to swindle and cheat others. A man of the Song Dynasty had the following story recorded in one of his books: “Prime Minister Li Ne, a keen lover of chess, was a man of no patience and impetuosity, whose anger would give way to smiles once engaged in a game of chess. Every time he got angry, his wife or some other member of his family would have the game of chess brought out and placed before him quietly. Seeing the game, Li would calm down. Forgetting all the unpleasantness, he would take up a piece and turn his mind to chess (see: Nan Bu Xin Shu, i.e., New Book of the South)”. Whether it is true that playing chess can exert such a favorable influence on one’s temperament, I am not sure. Yet it is quite true that there are people who will give no thought to their lives when engaged in games of chess. Two friends of mine were locked up in a game one day, and neither of them turned a hair when an air raid siren suddenly sounded. A bomb exploded on the ground not far away a moment later, setting the pieces on the chessboard dancing and the tiles on the roof shaking. The one not quite so absorbed was somewhat alarmed and rose from the table but was stopped by his opponent. “You leave? Then it is you that lose the game.” You see, what pleasure he has found in chess!