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　　我們常說"培養(yǎng)人才"，但認(rèn)真研究古今中外，發(fā)現(xiàn)所謂對(duì)人才的"培養(yǎng)"，充其量是為人才的成長提供了環(huán)境與影響；人才不是被別人培養(yǎng)出來的。

　　It is often said that "we should cultivate talent". By examining various qualified personnel across-the-board, the word "cultivate" has become questionable to me; the best it can do in fact is to provide an environment or conditions for talents to come forth.

　　正如教育的實(shí)質(zhì)不是"教"而是"學(xué)"，人才其實(shí)是"學(xué)"出來和"用"出來的。世界上沒有單純的"教"，卻有單純的"學(xué)"；"教"一定要有對(duì)象，"學(xué)"卻不一定以"教"為前提："教"不是到處都有，"學(xué)"卻可隨時(shí)發(fā)生。

　　In the same way that education is not about teaching but about learning, talent is produced by learning and applying. Teaching is conditioned by various factors, such as object, subject, lectureship and so on, whereas learning is not preconditioned by teaching and can take place everywhere, at any time.

　　"學(xué)"的另一端是"用"，"用"的效果又可促進(jìn)"學(xué)"。人不被"用"永遠(yuǎn)也不是"才"；人才只有在"用"中才會(huì)不斷增值。同樣，用錯(cuò)地方的人才，便是"庸才"，甚至是"廢材"。

　　While learning leads to application, applying what has been learnt in turn inspires one's learning. A person's talent potential may never be explored unless he or she is being put in place, and misplacing a talent may produce mediocrity or even a waste of potential.

　　人才的基本要素是德、才、學(xué)、識(shí)。以工匠的斧頭作比喻，"德"是斧頭的質(zhì)量，"才"是斧刃，"學(xué)"是重量，"識(shí)"是斧頭做功的方向，四樣俱全，左右逢源，才能取得功效。

　　There are four basic components constituting a talent—virtue, capability, knowledge and insight. A talent may bear some analogy to a functional axe, with which virtue is quality, ability the edge, knowledge the weight and insight directs it to the point. Any achievement is actually the result of the effective combination of these four.

　　其中"德"和"才"的關(guān)系至關(guān)重要。古人講："才盛于德，謂之小人；德盛于才，謂之君子；德才兼?zhèn)洌^之圣人"。可見，只有二者的次序、比重正確，方可成為真正意義上的人才。

　　Of these four basic components, virtue and capability are of crucial importance. As it is quoted from the ancient saying: "He whose capacity exceeds his virtue is considered to be an inferior man; he whose virtue exceeds his capacity is a superior man; he who possesses both decent virtue and brilliant capacity can be regarded as a sage". Clearly, only when these components are appropriately defined can a person become a true talent.

　　人才又有"專才"與"通才"之分。一般來講，做具體工作的是專才，做管理的是通才；當(dāng)然，也有二才兼?zhèn)湔?。造原子彈的是專才，但使用原子彈的一定是通才，二者位置不可顛倒?/p>

　　There are also distinctions between a generalist and a specialist. Generally speaking, the person assigned to perform specialized duty is a specialist and, the person in a management position is a generalist with the exception of people with both talents. Make no mistake, the person who constructs an atomic bomb never has the power to use it but has to leave it to a generalist.

　　世界上需要各種各樣的人才，但卻都要以"學(xué)"和"用"為契機(jī)，而沒有"被"培養(yǎng)的捷徑。

　　Various talents are required in the world, and for such talents to be developed, one first has to go through the arduous process of learning and applying; there is obviously no shortcut for being "cultivated talents".