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供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革

2015年11月10日，在中央財(cái)經(jīng)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)小組第十一次會(huì)議上，習(xí)近平提出推進(jìn)“供給側(cè)改革”這一重要戰(zhàn)略決策。當(dāng)前和今后一個(gè)時(shí)期，中國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨的問(wèn)題，供給和需求兩側(cè)都有，但矛盾的主要方面在供給側(cè)。供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革，最終目的是滿足需求，主攻方向是提高供給質(zhì)量，根本途徑是深化改革。最終目的是滿足需求，就是要深入研究市場(chǎng)變化，理解現(xiàn)實(shí)需求和潛在需求，在解放和發(fā)展社會(huì)生產(chǎn)力中更好滿足人民日益增長(zhǎng)的物質(zhì)文化需要。主攻方向是提高供給質(zhì)量，就是要減少無(wú)效供給、擴(kuò)大有效供給，著力提升整個(gè)供給體系質(zhì)量，提高供給結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)需求結(jié)構(gòu)的適應(yīng)性。根本途徑是深化改革，要完善市場(chǎng)在資源配置中起決定性作用的體制機(jī)制，深化行政管理體制改革，打破壟斷，健全要素市場(chǎng)，使價(jià)格機(jī)制真正引導(dǎo)資源配置。當(dāng)前供給側(cè)結(jié)構(gòu)性改革的主要任務(wù)是去產(chǎn)能、去庫(kù)存、去杠桿、降成本、補(bǔ)短板。要通過(guò)一系列政策舉措，特別是推動(dòng)科技創(chuàng)新、發(fā)展實(shí)體經(jīng)濟(jì)、保障和改善人民生活的政策措施，提高供給體系質(zhì)量，為經(jīng)濟(jì)持續(xù)健康發(fā)展提供源源不斷的內(nèi)生動(dòng)力。

Supply-side structural reform

General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasized the importance of "supply-side reform" at the 11th meeting of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs on November 10, 2015. At present and for the foreseeable future, China will face a number of issues in its economic development in both supply and demand, but mostly on the supply side. 

The ultimate goal of supply-side reform is to meet demand by improving quality through further reform. In order to meet demand, we must have a clear sense of market changes and understand the present and potential demand so that products can be made available through unleashed and increased productivity to meet the growing material and cultural needs of the population. In order to improve the quality of supply, we need to increase effective supply through a systemic improvement on the supply side so that ineffective supply is weeded out and supply is structured in a way that can effectively meet demand. 

The fundamental approach to achieving this goal is deeper reform. Institutions must be put in place to allow the market to play a decisive role in the allocation of resources. Further reform is also needed with the administrative management system in order to break up monopoly and maintain a healthy factor market so that the price mechanism can truly serve as a guide for resource allocation. Structural reform on the supply side is designed to address overcapacity, reduce inventory, deleverage, lower costs, and tackle areas of weaknesses. 

In order to resolve supply-side problems and generate constant driving forces for sustained and healthy economic growth, a number of policy measures are needed, especially those that aim to encourage innovation, growth in the real economy, and improved living standards.