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國家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略

大數(shù)據(jù)是以容量大、類型多、存取速度快、應(yīng)用價值高為主要特征的數(shù)據(jù)集合。

2014年3月，大數(shù)據(jù)首次寫入中國中央政府工作報告；2015年10月，中共十八屆五中全會正式提出“實施國家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略，推進數(shù)據(jù)資源開放共享”。這表明中國已將大數(shù)據(jù)視作戰(zhàn)略資源并上升為國家戰(zhàn)略，期望運用大數(shù)據(jù)推動經(jīng)濟發(fā)展、完善社會治理、提升政府服務(wù)和監(jiān)管能力。

此舉可以促使中國政府從“權(quán)威治理”向“數(shù)據(jù)治理”轉(zhuǎn)變，促進政府與民眾的溝通互聯(lián)，提高政府應(yīng)對各類事件和問題的智能化水平。同時，中國希望通過推行國家大數(shù)據(jù)戰(zhàn)略，加快大數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)展核心技術(shù)研發(fā)及應(yīng)用，重構(gòu)國家綜合競爭優(yōu)勢，贏得未來發(fā)展先機。

National big data strategy

Big data features huge capacity, diverse variables, speedy storage and retrieval, and high values in application.

Big data featured prominently in the Report on the Work of the Government delivered by Premier Li Keqiang in March 2014. At the Fifth Plenary Session of its 18th Central Committee held in October 2015, the CPC announced its plan to “execute a national big data strategy and promote opening and sharing of data resources.” This shows that China now sees big data as a strategic resource and has devised a national strategy for its utilization, aiming to boost economic growth, improve social governance, and reinforce government capability in service provision and scrutiny.

This move will enable the Chinese government to gravitate from “authority-based governance” to “data-based governance” – creating a higher level of interaction with the public – and enhance its ability to handle various incidents and problems with the aid of intelligence technology. In the course of this strategy China also aims to accelerate R&D in core technologies and apply the results in practice, thereby sharpening its competitive edge so as to seize and secure the initiative in future development.